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Careers / Natural Sciences Managers |
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| Job Requirements |
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Experience:
Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job. |
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Education:
Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree). |
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Training:
Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training. |
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| Top 5 Skills |
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Top 5 Abilities |
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| Writing —
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. |
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| Speaking —
Talking to others to convey information effectively. |
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| Reading Comprehension —
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. |
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| Active Listening —
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. |
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| Critical Thinking —
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. |
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| Oral Comprehension —
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. |
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| Written Comprehension —
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. |
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| Oral Expression —
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. |
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| Written Expression —
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. |
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| Deductive Reasoning —
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. |
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| Knowledge |
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| Administration and Management —
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. |
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| English Language —
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. |
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| Customer and Personal Service —
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. |
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| Mathematics —
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. |
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| Biology —
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment. |
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| Law and Government —
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process. |
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| Chemistry —
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. |
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| Computers and Electronics —
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. |
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| Personnel and Human Resources —
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. |
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| Clerical —
Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. |
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| Geography —
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life. |
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| Engineering and Technology —
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. |
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| Interesting Fact |
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| Wal-Mart is the largest employer in the world (1,300,000 employees). 3 of the top 10 employers in the world are American; 4 of the top 10 are Chinese. |
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| Did you know... |
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| The MyPlan.com Famous Alumni Directory has information on where hundreds of celebrities have gone to college. |
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